TOJSAT - Volume 5 - Issue 1 - January 2015
Assessing the Efficient Utilization of Electricity by Domestic Consumers in the Agona District in Central Region Enock A. Duodu and J. D. Owusu-Sekyere
Abstract: The study assessed the efficient utilization of electricity by domestic consumers in the Agona District. Descriptive survey design was employed in the study. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting five (5) towns and 100 respondents, respectively. A questionnaire as well as interview and observation methods were used in data collection. The data obtained from respondents were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The study revealed that almost two-thirds (63%) of the respondents in the condominium consume electricity from a single central credit meters. Again, the study showed that lack of access to energy efficient technologies have contributed to the waste of electricity in the households. The results also revealed that consumers have little or no knowledge about some basic energy conservation tips. It is recommended that all households in such condominium should be provided with separate meters preferably the pre-paid meters so as to encourage consumers to conserve energy. Also, consumers are to use modern appliances with energy efficient standards and label codes. Finally, energy conservation tips should be known and practiced by all the domestic consumers of electricity.
Comfort and structural (FEA) analysis on light weighted car seat design optimized with EPP material İbrahim Bahadır Çelik, Bahadır Atmaca, Ergün Nart
Abstract: In this paper, comfort and strength performance of conventional and lightweight seat design which is developed by using EPP (expanded poly propylene) material is investigated by using FEA (finite elements analysis) method. The main goal is to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions on passenger cars by providing weight reduction on car seats. To accomplish that, a special designed part made of EPP material, which has lower density and higher strength performance in compliance with PU (Polyurethane), is embedded in original car seats made of PU material, and the resulting composite material reinforces the structure and gives the similar performance compared to PU design, and in the meantime supporting metal frame’s weight inside car seats is also reduced. In parallel with design optimization, a comparative analysis of strength and comfort performances between conventional seat design and lightweight seat design is studied correspondingly. Highly nonlinear contact analyses are performed with the dummy named “Manikin†(human model) to analyze comfort performance by looking at the pressure distribution on surface of seats. The results indicate that after design optimization by using new material technology, nearly same comfort and strength performance are achieved and weight of the car seats can be reduced remarkably.
Effect of meteorological factors on the daily average levels of particulate matter in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study Mahmoud Fathy El-Sharkawy,Gehan Raafat Zaki
Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution. Particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µ (PM10), and 2.5 µ (PM2.5); are inhaled and deposited in the respiratory system. The fate of air pollutants, including PM, is highly dependent on meteorological parameters as they control natural emissions, transport, chemistry and deposition. This study was a cross-sectional one aimed at assessing the effect of meteorological factors on the daily average levels of PM in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia during year 2012. Two monitoring stations with the HORRIBA APDA-371 Continuous Particulate Monitors were distributed in Dammam and Khobar governorates for incessantly recording the hourly ambient levels of PM10and PM2.5. Simultaneously, the meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and precipitation) were recorded by the WS600-UMB weather parameters’ sensor. The daily average levels PM10, and PM2.5 exceeded the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for 19.5%, and 45.8% in the Dammam station measurement days and 27.1% and 36.1% in the Khobar measurement days respectively. They were correlated positively with wind speed and air temperature. Their relationships with wind direction, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation were negative.
Fitting The Cogeneration Plant To Energy Needs Francesco Piccininni
Abstract: This paper proposes a scheme of cogeneration plant that allows to minimize the surplus of thermal energy and electricity produced. Using the data of consumption of thermal energy and electricity of a hospital in south Italy, it was proposed a cogeneration plant added by compression refrigerators and heat pumps and absorption refrigerators. After analyzing the thermodynamic parameters to assess the energy savings achieved as a reduction of primary energy n passing from conventional energy production to in cogeneration with integration of auxiliary machines. It was suggest to adapt, according to the type of energy to be supplied, the components added by assessing the reduction of primary energy obtained with a scheme of this type adapted to the energy requirements monthly. The results obtained were assessed with efficiency values lower than those attributed to thermal machines to take into account that these machines are used partialized working because it supplies a power reduced with respect to the maximum possible value, then, with efficiency values lower. The results obtained have confirmed the need to fit the system to the energy requirements for the minimum consumption of thermal plants.
Iteration Free Fractal Image Compression For Color Images Using Vector Quantization, Genetic Algorithm And Simulated Annealing A R Nadira Banu Kamal
Abstract: This research paper on iteration free fractal image compression for color images using the techniques Vector Quantization, Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing is proposed, for lossy compression, to improve the decoded image quality, compression ratio and reduction in coding time. Fractal coding consists of the representation of image blocks through the contractive transformation coefficients, using the self-similarity concept present in the larger domain blocks. Fractal coding achieves high compression ratio but it consumes more time to compress and decompress an image. Different techniques are available to reduce the time consumption and improve the decoded image reliability. But most of them lead to a bad image quality, or a lower compression ratio. Usage of synthetic codebook for encoding using Fractal does not require iteration at decoding and the coding error is determined immediately at the encoder. The techniques Vector Quantization, Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing are used to determine the best domain block that matches the range blocks. The proposed algorithm has the better performance in terms of image quality, bit rate and coding time for Color images. Only the encoding consumes more time but the decoding is very fast.
Toxic heavy metal chromium remediation by processed low cost adsorbentGreen coconut shell Seema Tharannum, Krishna Murthy V, Nandini.V, Shruthi.P.T
Abstract: In recent years industrialization, consequent urbanization and increasing population, has lead to pollution of basic amenities of life air, water and soil. The major pollutants from the industrial complexes are effluents with heavy metals. Chromium is a highly toxic element and major pollutant present in the environment. Chromium (III) and (VI) are mainly found in chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. Chromium (VI) is mobile and easily soluble into cells of an organism. There are many methods like ion exchange, ultra filtration, reverse osmosis etc by which chromium (VI) can be removed but they are quiet expensive and have many other disadvantages. In our present study, natural products considered to be wastes were used as adsorbents because of its high availability and low-cost. Low cost adsorbent used was Green coconut shell in a processed form in order to compare the efficiency. This study, reports the efficiency of low cost biosorbents in remediation of chromium (VI). It is seen that the biosorbents, green coconut shell has showed high biosorption capacity as it reduced 50% of 100mg/L concentration of chromium in a span of 24 hrs. The obtained results showed that incubation time and size of adsorbent affected the uptake capacity of biosorbent. As the time increased the percentage of adsorption increased till 264 hours. Smaller the size more efficient is the adsorption capacity. Hence, low cost biosorbents can be potential agents of bioremediation of heavy metals which are toxic to all life forms especially to humans.
Simple Harmonic Motion Experiment Using Force Sensor: Low Cost and Single Setup Siti Nurul Khotimah, Luman Haris, Sparisoma Viridi, Widayani, and Khairurrijal
Abstract: A method of simple harmonic motion (SHM) experiment is proposed. The SHM of a loadspring system is observed through the use of force sensor to measure the force acting on the spring. The data will then be further analyzed to derive the kinematic of load. Through the enforcement of Newton’s second law of motion, this method is able to produce two out of three kinematic quantities; () tx and  ta . It will then be completed through numerical approach such as Euler method and central finite difference. The experimental data are used to determine appropriate initial conditions for numerical approach, and initial phase angle for constructing the theoretical kinematics. The result was further validated through the ellipse trajectory in phase-space. Hence, the experiment proved to be capable of producing simple harmonic motion without raising the complexity level. It can also produce all of the necessary quantities needed to provide SHM kinematics in the form of both graphs and equations.
