TOJSAT-The Online Journal of Science and Technology

TOJSAT - Volume 5 - Issue 2 - April 2015

A comparative study of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Ordinary Least Square methods for landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS technology

Sara Khodadad, Dong-Ho Jang

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Abstract: This work presents Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method available in Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify and classify the Penang Island according to the grade of present or potential danger of land failure happening. Landslide susceptibility zonation map has been generated by considering seven factors. Sensitivity analysis was performed in detail by varying the contributing factors weights and their effects on defined landslide susceptible locations. In other part of the analysis, ordinary least square (OLS) technique has been used to estimate weights of point parameters then its result compared with AHP technique result. Finally, the landslide susceptibility maps resulted from AHP and OLS method has been compared to the landslide inventory map containing 355 real occurred landslides in order to verify the practicality of susceptibility maps. The outcome was that the 75% of occurred land failures fit into the very high and high susceptibility class of AHP map (using seven parameters), while this is 73.8% in the case of AHP with point parameters (using four parameters), and 65.8% for the OLS map. As conclusion, the AHP method yields reasonable results which make it reliable and credible approach in comparison with OLS, especially in the case of using large number of landslide contributing factors.

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Copper-Zinc-Lead Alloys, Common Defects Through Production Stages and Remedy Methods

Ahmed M. M. El-Bahloul, M. Samuel, Abdulsalam A. Fadhil

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Abstract: Two types of leaded brass alloys (CuZn40Pb2 and CuZn39Pb3) as extruded rods, which use to produce pressurized gas valves were produced by a vertical semi-continuous casting, hot extrusion, cold drawing, hot forging and machining processes. The effect of lead element on machinability of these alloys was explained. The common defects of the mentioned leaded brass rods, the causes and its remedies were explained. Many defects during productions stages of leaded brass rods were occurred, such as cavities, non-metallic contaminates, lead clustering, surface cracks and zinc segregation into foundry process. In addition, surface crack, hot tearing and back defect through hot extrusion, chevron and chemical composition cracks into cold drawing with hot bursts and lap during hot forging were appeared. The machining process and in-service processes were also involved some other defects. All these defects were occurred due to no care during manufacturing process stages and using improper technological parameters and bad casting product design. To remedying the above-mentioned defects, the proper and improving technological parameters with optimal product design must be used. The current technical review of all types of defects in leaded brass alloys, have been found that, these defects can be appear and increasing in sub-sequence applications and in-service stages.

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Durability of treated silty soil using lime and cement in road construction â€“ a comparative study

Hadj Bekki, Zahia Djilaili, Youcef Tlidji and Tahar H. Daouadji

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Abstract: The Treatment of soils using lime and cement is one of the appropriate techniques that provides solutions for poor geotechnical soils used in road construction, as subgrade layers. The present paper consists of a comparative study of bearing and sustainability of silty soils treated with lime and/or cement. The Tests carried out on samples of treated silty soil showed a great improvement in workability and bearing capacity compared to a natural one. It was also noticed that the soil that was treated with 5% of cement, and with 1% of lime and 4% of cement gives the highest values of CBR (Californian Bearing Ratio). However, the highest durability of the treated soil was obtained by mixed treatment (1% of lime and 4% of cement), which values the mixed treatment efficiency. It should also be noted that the proposed solution fits sustainable development well.

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Heart Attack Prediction System Based Neural Arbitration

Abdulkader Helwan

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Abstract: Heart attack is an asymptomatic and epidemic medical condition that may suddenly occur and causes â€œdeathâ€. Therefore, it is a life-threatening condition and it should be detected before it occurs. Heart attack is so far predicted using the conventional ways of doctorâ€™s examination and by performing some medical tests such as stress test, ECG, and heart CTScan etc. The coronary vessels constriction, the cholesterol levels in the arteries, and other attributes can be good indicators for making effective decisions. In this paper, a neural network based support decision system is developed for the prediction of heart attack. The proposed system uses 14 medical attributes, obtained from the Cleveland database such as sex, heart rate, and vessels narrowing etc. Two attributes have been emphasized in order to distinguish the heart attack from other heart diseases; the vessels constriction rate and the chest pain type. The testing results show high efficiency and capability for the designed system to predict heart attack and diagnose the three medical conditions: normal, abnormal, and imminent to heart attack.

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Mycorrhizal status of main spontaneous or introduced forest trees in El Tarf province (Algerian North-east)

Arifa Beddiar, MÃ©riem Adouane, ImÃ¨ne Boudiaf and Adem Fraga

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Abstract: In Algeria, often, serious imbalances of the forest ecosystems caused by the badly led exploitations, the repeated fires, the overgrazing involve the disappearance of the timbered state on vast territories. Within the framework of the plantation and restoration programs of these degraded forests, we plan to contribute to it by tests of controlled mycorrhization of forest tees in nursery. But to realize these tests, it is necessary to know beforehand the natural symbiotic status of the studied species. We present there, the first stage of our work which consisted in establishing the mycorrhizal status of main spontaneous or introduced forest species into Algerian North-east. The study was carried out in El Tarf province and related to all the species of pine, oaks and other leafy trees existing in this area. The results show that all the species observed have either ectomycorrhizas (ECM) or arbuscular endomycorrhizas (AM) or both at the same time. In addition, the introduced species of the Acacia or Casuarina genus carry AM and also nitrogen fixing nodules. It should be noted the remarkable diversity of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes associated to the pines and to the oaks and also that of the endomycorhizals fungi spores occur in the rhizosphere of other species. Lastly, it is significant to note the omnipresence of Cenococcum geophilum mycorrhiza in all the stations and the majority of the ectomycorrhizal trees.

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Performance Study of an Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Three Wheeler Evacuation Machine

Azali Awaludin, Syed Salim Syed Salim, Abdul Halim Zainal Abidin and Mohd Rosdi Ngah

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Abstract: A case study to determine performance of Three Wheeler evacuation machine was done at Felda Plantation. Using 20kg (average) of fresh fruit bunch (FFB), A machine was tested at different topography where the area are 0.7 hectares (terrace), 1.5 hectare flat area, 1.5 hectare mild undulating and 1.5 hectare heavy undulating. Method of optimum was used to determine performance three wheeler where the performance between 73% to 77% efficiency measured. From experiment also shows three wheeler can access all train in oil palm plantation.

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Probability density function estimation using Multi-layer perceptron

Touba Mostefa Mohamed, Abdenacer Titaouine, Touba Sonia, Ouafae Bennis

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Abstract: The problem of estimating a probability density function (pdf) can easily be encountered in many areas of experimental physics (high energy, spectroscopy, etc.) and other fields. The standard procedure is to bin the space and approximate the pdf by the ratio between the number of events falling inside each bin over the total and normalized to the bin volume. In this paper we estimate the univariate pdf using an MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) where the inputs are based on the exponential model. The proposed method is very effective and estimated densities are too close to some theoretical pdfs. Our method has been integrated in the famous steepest descent algorithm for marginal score functions estimation where two linearly mixed sources were successfully separated.

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